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Class of Compound: Peptide Mechanism of Action: GHK-Cu is said to stimulate the synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans, as well as modulating the activity of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. It is also believed to stimulate dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and decorin, and acts to attract immune and endothelial cells to sites of injury. Notable Studies: A synthetic tripeptide which increases survival of normal liver cells, and stimulates growth in hepatoma cells Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data GHK and DNA: resetting the human genome to health What is GHK-Cu? GHK-Cu is a human copper-binding peptide proven to confer a host of benefits related to healing, tissue regeneration, and skin, hair, and nail health. GHK was first discovered in 1973 by the noted peptide researcher Dr. Loren Pickart. He found that aged liver cells, when inoculated with blood from young people, were able to begin regenerating [1]. Eventually, it was discovered that GHK was the cause of this spontaneous regeneration. This is also how researchers were able to discover that GH ...
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What is TB-500? TB-500 is a 43 amino acid synthetic analog of thymosin B-4 (TB-4), which occurs naturally in nearly all mammalian cells. TB-500 is known for its effects on actin, cell migration, and wound healing. Animal models and in vitro studies have shown that TB-500 can improve blood vessel growth, accelerate wound healing, reduce inflammation, and promote production of extracellular matrix. The peptide is currently being studied for its ability to reduce oxidative stress in spinal cord injuries, improve recovery after heart attacks, and have a variety of anti-aging effects. TB-500 Mechanism of Action TB-500 is the active domain of TB-4 and primarily acts as an actin-binding protein. Actin is an important component of cellular structure and makes up microfilaments. Microfilaments are responsible for giving cells their shape, protecting the integrity of cell membranes, allowing cells to move/migrate, and certain steps in cell reproduction. Actin is also one of the main components of muscle protein. Without actin, muscles cannot contract. Actin-binding proteins such as TB-4 sequester actin monomers (single units of actin), thereby protecting them from degradation and allowing them to polymerize into microfi ...
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Class of Compound: Peptide Mechanism of Action: BPC-157 is known to stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor, which triggers the formation of blood vessels. Also, it blocks the growth-inhibiting action of 4‐hydroxynonenal. Further, it upregulates multiple growth receptors in the body and stimulates the production of fibroblasts, vital to the synthesis of collagen. Notable Studies: Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system Fistulas healing. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy BPC 157 counteracts QTc prolongation induced by haloperidol, fluphenazine, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, sulpiride, and metoclopramide in rats What is BPC-157? BPC-157 refers to Body Protection Compound-157, a naturally occurring peptide found in human stomach juices. Composed of a sequence of 15 amino acids, the peptide can also be found in trace amounts in the gastric fluids of other mammals. The peptide plays a fundamental role in preserving the lining of the GI tract. However, researchers are interested in its application in other areas of the body—particularly in regards to wound healing, neuroprotection, and muscle and tissue growth. M ...
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Class of Compound: Peptide Mechanism of Action: Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, mimicking the effects of endogenous GIP while inducing cAMP synthesis at the GLP-1 receptor. This unique mechanism induces a synergistic effect with enhanced insulin response and glucagonostatic activity, versus GIP or GLP-1 therapy alone. Notable Studies: Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity What is Tirzepatide? Tirzepatide, or LY3298176, is a unimolecular dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist that is under study for its glycemic control and weight loss benefits. Tirzepatide is based on the human GIP hormone and has a length of 39 amino acids. It includes a C20 fatty di-acid moiety that provides extended duration and allows for once-weekly dosing in humans. Following extensive clinical testing, includin ...
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Class of Compound: Peptide Mechanism of Action: Fragment 176-191 exhibits lipolytic activity similar to that of growth hormone, without the accompanying hyperglycemia. The sequence does not compete for the HGH receptors and can induce fat metabolism while increasing energy consumption, fat oxidation, and the generation of myoblasts. Notable Studies: Hyperglycemic action of synthetic C-terminal fragments of human growth hormone The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model What is Fragment 176-191? Fragment 176-191 is a synthetic peptide that corresponds to amino acids 176-191 of natural human growth hormone (HGH). It is one of a number of synthetic C-terminal fragments of hGH that have been studied for in vivo effects in rodents, having been shown to help lower blood sugar without increasing IGF-1 or altering insulin sensitivity, which are effects associated with exogenous hGH therapy . Published ...
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Class of Compound: Peptide Mechanism of Action: As an analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone, tesamorelin binds with the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors of the anterior pituitary gland, thus stimulating the secretion of growth hormone. Notable Studies: · Tesamorelin: a review of its use in the management of HIV-associated lipodystrophy · Tesamorelin: A hope for ART-induced lipodystrophy · Growth hormone–releasing hormone effects on brain γ-aminobutyric acid levels in mild cognitive impairment and healthy aging Also Known As: Egrifta, Tesamorelin Acetate, LGW5H38VE3, TH9507, UNII-LGW5H38VE3 Research Applications: · Fat reduction · Peripheral nerve health · Cognitive health Risks: · Injection site pain · FDA approval limited to HIV patients · Prohibited by WADA What Does Tesamorelin Do? Tesamorelin ...
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What is Sermorelin? Sermorelin is a synthetic peptide analog of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It was developed by EMD Serono, a German company, for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children and adults. The main function of the peptide is to stimulate the body to produce and release growth hormone (GH). After clinical trials, growth hormone-releasing peptide was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1997 under the trade name "Geref" for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children and adults. In 2008, the FDA stopped approving the drug for commercial reasons unrelated to safety or effectiveness. Growth hormone-releasing peptide can also be used as a diagnostic agent to evaluate whether the pituitary gland in a particular patient is functioning properly and releasing adequate amounts of growth hormone. Other applications of this peptide are currently being studied, including its role in the diagnosis and treatment of hormone deficiencies, including its role in sleep quality, heart health, and even as a new type of brain tumor treatment. Sermorelin Benefits | Clinical Trials Our team conducted a literature review u ...
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Compound Class: Peptide Mechanism of Action: CJC-1295 binds to receptors in the pituitary gland, stimulating the release of plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Notable studies: CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog, stimulates growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion in healthy adults over a long period of time Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, restores growth to normal in GHRH knockout mice Sleep and endocrine changes after intranasal administration of growth hormone-releasing hormone in adolescents and older adults Also known as: UNII-62RC32V9N7, 62RC32V9N7 Research applications: Growth hormone deficiency Body composition Sleep quality; anti-aging Risks: Limited human data Lack of FDA approval WADA banned list Chemical structure CJC-1295 structure What is CJC-1295? CJC-1295 is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) developed by ConjuChem Technologies in the mid-2000s. Originally designed ...
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Compound Class: Peptide Mechanism of Action: Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue and ghrelin receptor agonist that triggers and stimulates growth hormone production by mimicking ghrelin. It binds to ghrelin receptors, stimulating growth hormone release, and inhibits somatostatin and suppresses its effects. Notable Studies: · Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue · The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced reductions in bone formation in adult rats · The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats What is ipamorelin? Ipamorelin is a laboratory-made compound known as growth hormone-releasing peptide. It stimulates the body to release growth hormone, which promotes systemic growth of muscle, bone, vascular system, and other cells and body tissues. Ipamorelin is unique among growth hormone-releasing peptides in that, unlike most growth hormone-releasing peptides, it does not activate the body's natural stress response. This gives ipamorelin an advantage over similar compounds. However, researc ...
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